Prostate Enlargement - What are the causes?
An Introduction to triggers for BPH
The Prostate, an approximately walnut-sized gland, is an essential part of the male reproductive system. It is located in the pelvic area below the bladder and surrounds the upper part of the urethra. Its position allows us to consider the prostate as the "neck" of the bladder because it surrounds it. The prostate is an exocrine gland, which means it secretes fluids through a ductal system.
From an anatomical perspective, the prostate can be divided into three main zones: the peripheral zone, the central zone, and the transition zone. The peripheral zone, making up the largest part of the prostate, is susceptible to prostate cancer. The central zone surrounds the seminal vesicle and plays a crucial role in transporting sperm. The transition zone surrounds the urethra and is typically where benign prostatic hyperplasia occurs.
The prostate serves several important functions in the male body. It produces prostatic fluid, a crucial component of ejaculate that protects and enhances the mobility of sperm. During ejaculation, the prostate undergoes muscle contractions that support the transport of sperm through the urethra.
Prostate health is of great importance for a man's overall well-being and sexual function. Prostate conditions such as prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia can occur. Regular medical examinations are crucial for early detection and appropriate treatment of potential issues.
Causes of Prostate Enlargement
BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) symptoms can be caused not only by the enlargement of the prostate. Often, an overactive bladder syndrome can lead to typical symptoms without finding an organic cause. Dysfunctions of the detrusor bladder muscle, coordination disorders of the musculature (detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia), or bladder innervation disorders (neurogenic bladder dysfunction) are also possible causes.
Inflammations of the prostate (prostatitis), urethra (urethritis), or bladder (cystitis) often lead to frequent urination and a strong urge. If left untreated, these can also become chronic. Other causes of BPH can include constrictions below the bladder, such as urethral stricture (narrowing of the urethra, which passes through the prostate and penis) or irritations from stones or foreign bodies. A reduction in bladder volume, for example after radiation, can also cause similar complaints.
Malignant diseases rarely lead to BPH. Prostate cancer (prostate carcinoma) is mostly asymptomatic. Therefore, prostate cancer screening is crucial. Bladder cancer is mostly noticeable through blood in the urine, but in rare cases, it can also lead to BPH.
In the case of nocturia (nighttime urination) with a large volume of urine (polyuria), causes such as heart failure (heart insufficiency), diabetes mellitus, elevated systolic blood pressure, or kidney function disorders (renal insufficiency), a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), as well as medications affecting urine production, could be behind it. Snoring and breathing pauses during the night (sleep apnea) are also closely related to nocturia. In such cases, medical evaluation is recommended.
Other factors that can lead to BPH or worsen symptoms are excessive consumption of caffeinated beverages, alcohol, very large amounts of fluids (more than 2 liters/day), stress, and other psychological factors. As you can see, the possible causes of BPH are diverse, but often there is no serious threat to your health. Nevertheless, it's best to consult your doctor about symptoms to be prepared for all eventualities and to fully focus on your therapy to alleviate the symptoms.
How to address the causes of Prostate Enlargement
Prostate enlargement is a common condition in older men and can have various causes. Age, hormonal changes, genetic factors, and inflammations are some of the main factors that can contribute to this condition. It's important to undergo regular check-ups and maintain a healthy lifestyle to minimize the risk of prostate enlargement. If you experience persistent symptoms, consulting a doctor for a proper diagnosis and treatment is essential.